reliable increases in axillary temperature from normal to slight or moderate fever zone (up to 38.3°c) were observed among meditators only during the forceful breath type of g-tummo meditation accompanied by increases in alpha, beta, and gamma power. might seem, they were in the range of normal body temperature (finger and toe temperatures increased from 22°c to 33°c). thus, an understanding of the mechanisms underlying body temperature increases during g-tummo practice could lead to the development of effective self-regulatory techniques in “ordinary” individuals (e.g., non-meditators) to regulate their neurocognitive functions and fight infectious diseases. these types of g-tummo practice differ not only in terms of the breathing technique involved, but also in their goals and the content of visualization. the temperature data were sampled at a rate of 100 hz. the second participant had 7 years experience in g-tummo practices, and she was tested in a session similar to the first participant, however, instead of a second round of bfb, she was asked to perform mfb. for all the bfb and mfb conditions where the participant cbt did not reach equilibrium phase by the end of the condition, the rise time was taken as time for the cbt to increase from 10% to 100%.
in summary, the results suggest that although cbt increases during bfb were not as dramatic as during mfb, participants were able to produce body heat, utilizing only the somatic component of the fb practice (breathing and isometric techniques). to investigate whether there was a similar relationship between increases in alpha power and cbt increases during bfb, we conducted an additional analysis that compared alpha power of the practitioners at a one-minute interval at the start of bfb with a one-minute interval at the end of bfb. in summary, our findings indicate that the two parameters, apnea duration and increases in alpha power achieved during meditative visualization are significant predictors of the overall cbt increases during fb practice. the cbt changes during baseline (rest) and bfb for two representative participants are shown in figure 6. similar to study 1, in order to quantify the effective period of steady temperature increase during bfb before equilibrium was reached we used the rise time (δtr) as the time taken for the cbt to rise from 10% to 90% of its final value. however, the overall cbt increases due to the bfb technique are limited and in the range of normal body temperature. of particular interest is the increase in the power of the alpha frequency band which was observed during fb meditation and its significant relation to the cbt increases. a limitation affecting the generalizability our findings is the small sample size due to the sacredness of the practice and difficulties in accessing g-tummo practitioners. we thank gebchak wangdrak rinpoche for his help in participant recruitment and all the arrangements for the study and to ani chozom for her english-tibetan translation and help in running experiments.
reliable increases in axillary temperature from normal to slight or moderate fever zone (up to 38.3°c) were observed among meditators only during the forceful breath type of g-tummo meditation accompanied by increases in alpha, beta, and gamma power. might seem, they were in the range of normal body temperature (finger and toe temperatures increased from 22°c to 33°c). thus, an understanding of the mechanisms underlying body temperature increases during g-tummo practice could lead to the development of effective self-regulatory techniques in “ordinary” individuals (e.g., non-meditators) to regulate their neurocognitive functions and fight infectious diseases. these types of g-tummo practice differ not only in terms of the breathing technique involved, but also in their goals and the content of visualization. participants’ body temperature was measured using small disk thermometers of 5 mm in diameter, attached to the body with adhesive tape. the maximum cbt increase from the beginning of the experiment to the end of mfb was 2.2°c (participant #3), and the maximum temperature reached was 38.30°c (participant #5). in summary, the results suggest that although cbt increases during bfb were not as dramatic as during mfb, participants were able to produce body heat, utilizing only the somatic component of the fb practice (breathing and isometric techniques).
in order to rule out differences due to the time period selected, we did an additional analysis that compared a one-minute interval at the start of mfb with a one-minute interval at the peak temperature for each participant. to investigate whether there was a similar relationship between increases in alpha power and cbt increases during bfb, we conducted an additional analysis that compared alpha power of the practitioners at a one-minute interval at the start of bfb with a one-minute interval at the end of bfb. in summary, our findings indicate that the two parameters, apnea duration and increases in alpha power achieved during meditative visualization are significant predictors of the overall cbt increases during fb practice. the increases in cbt during bfb were significant [paired-samples, two-tailed t(10) = 3.196, p = 0.01]. however, the overall cbt increases due to the bfb technique are limited and in the range of normal body temperature. in contrast, there were no significant increases in alpha power during vase breathing alone, suggesting that these increases could be specifically attributed to the meditative component of the practice. a limitation affecting the generalizability our findings is the small sample size due to the sacredness of the practice and difficulties in accessing g-tummo practitioners. the funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
in tibetan buddhism, tummo is the fierce goddess of heat and passion. tummo is found in the mahasiddha krishnacarya and the hevajra tantra texts.ntummo is also a tantric practice for inner heat, developed around the concept of the female deity. the g-tummo meditative practice targeted at controlling “inner energy” is described by tibetan practitioners as one of the most sacred the g-tummo meditative practice targeted at controlling “inner energy” is described by tibetan practitioners as one of the most sacred tummo, which literally means ‘inner fire’, is an ancient meditation technique practiced by monks in tibetan buddhism. tummo exists of a combination of, tummo meditation pdf, tummo meditation pdf, tummo meditation benefits, is tummo breathing dangerous, tummo meditation book.
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